The world's first computer printer was a 19th-century mechanically driven apparatus invented by Charles Babbage for his Difference Engine. The printer has since evolved to the point where practically everyone who owns a computer, owns a printer.
Printers can generally be classified as either black and white (or grayscale), color, or photo printers (a color printer that can produce images that mimic the color range (gamut) and resolution of photographic images). Printers can be further classified by their method of image creation:
Laser printers refer to the method used to adhere toner to the media. The advent of cost-effective, precision lasers has made them the dominant toner-based monochrome printer type for home and office applications. Another toner based printer is the LED printer which uses an array of LEDs instead of a laser to cause toner adhesion.
Inkjet printers spray very small, precise amounts (usually a few picolitres) of ink onto the media. For color applications including photo printing, ink jet methods are dominant. Inkjet printers or bubble-jet printers are one of the most commonly used printers. They consist of nozzles that produce very small ink bubbles that turn into tiny droplets of ink. The dots formed are the size of tiny pixels. Ink-jet printers can print high quality text and graphics. They are also almost silent in operation. They are cheaper than laser printers, but are expensive to run as their cartridges need to be frequently replaced.
Dye-sublimation printers employ a printing process that uses heat to transfer dye to a medium such as a plastic card, printer paper or poster paper. The process is usually to lay one color at a time using a ribbon that has color panels. Most dye-sublimation printers use CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black) colors. Many consumer and professional dye-sublimation printers are designed and used for producing photographic prints.
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